Furthermore, a negative but significant correlation was observed between the cadmium levels and yield trends of mung bean plants. Learn about the effect of artificial light on plant growth versus natural sunlight and delve into some biology and botany concepts in this science project. The data shows that beans germinate in a warm room and peas tolerate warm temperatures, but germinate best in colder temperatures. 1. How fun!! Label the beaker caffeine. <<5DC045A86D61FB458BCD0BDBECA1141B>]>> Effect of Artificial Light on Plant Growth. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282531.g003. After the process of germination starts, the seedlings can also be given to students to take to their homes and care for them further. About 200 mL of 2-dipyridyl in ethanol (2%) were added to 1 mL of an aliquot and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and left in the dark for five minutes. What are the effects of fertilizer on plant growth? The process of cross-pollinating occurs all the time in nature. A least significant difference of 0.521 and 0.310 was observed among the four main treatment groups in reducing Cd acquisition in shoots and roots of the experimental mung bean plants. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282531, Editor: Arun Kumar Shanker, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, INDIA, Received: October 27, 2022; Accepted: February 9, 2023; Published: March 2, 2023. This germination investigation is very simple but fascinating. The physicochemical properties of the experimental soils were appraised following Davis and Freitas [12] and have been presented in the Table 1. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282531.t001. If there are more positive ions in the water, the water is more acidic. wPN,.hBY;4 }C*98DCoC?II"'{LMG]5Y] (ttoI&kK tKQ}. Document the experiment from start to finish. Prior to sowing seed, prepare the bed. Once the plants have spouted, you can transfer them to the ground to keep growing. On the x-axis, NC represents the negative control group; Cd represents the positive control group; Cd+1% FM represents the group treated with Cd and FM 1% and Cd+2% FM represents the group treated with Cd and FM 2%. The synergistic application of CaONPs as root treatment and FM as soil amendment decreased the uptake of cadmium by the roots and shoots of mung bean plants. In literature, the application of FM has been reported to successfully mitigate the toxicity of several heavy metals such as Al, As, Cd, and Pd. 0000004805 00000 n I hope you are having a great week! endstream endobj 1009 0 obj<>stream Your email address will not be published. The sprouts are the shoots produced when the seeds are germinated. The Correlation analysis evaluates the statistical relationship between two variables. the third important legumes crop in Indonesia after soybeans and peanuts. The experiment comprised two factors viz. The major functions of osmolytes are to lower water potential, keep water balance, safeguard intracellular structures, and lessen oxidative damage. XLSTAT version 2014 was used to construct the Pearson correlation matrix, heat map, and principal component analysis (Addinsoft, Paris France) [25]. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click Yellow beans are an excellent choice for doing science projects. This experiment studies how salt affects seed germination. A pot experiment was conducted by defining appropriate positive and negative controls under differential soil treatments with farmyard manure (1% and 2%) and calcium oxide nanoparticles (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L). In an Escape Room Activity, students work together to solve clues and puzzles, moving from activity to activity in searc Womens History Month Choice Board for Middle School. 0000063767 00000 n Roles This science fair project idea researches the effects of acid rain on plant growth. 0000001747 00000 n Yes The experiment was conducted during July to September, 2015 in the Head House of Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. 0000008772 00000 n The experiment was done by using mung bean plants and watering them daily with water, water mixed with caffeine and with a coffee mixture., Our claim is that the mass will increase as we water the plant, the plant will also absorb the sunlight. Now place them in a spot with direct sunlight. Leaf relative water contents and dry leaf Ca+2 was decreased significantly upon treatment with Cd salt. Writing original draft, Roles The data on biochemical parameters such as malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, antioxidant enzymes, vitamins and total chlorophyll contents was observed at flowering stage (37 days after germination) soon after third irrigation. Given their long history, it is no surprise that there are many different methods used for sprouting the mung beans. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282531.g006, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282531.t006. Several studies have reported the impact of organic manures in boosting antioxidant defence [40, 41]. No, Is the Subject Area "Leaves" applicable to this article? Also seen in de-etiolation is cotyledon expansion, which was also observed in the experiment. Ours is growing strong and were going to try transferring into the soil and growing further now, Thank you for linking to Tuesday Tots this week. This work will provide future directions to figure out the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the mitigation of heavy metals in various plants as there is a paucity of knowledge regarding the mechanisms involved in the amelioration of cadmium toxicity. To calculate the average height for the three plants in each cup: Repeat steps 1-3 for the remaining six cups. Higher concentrations of CaONPs and FM indicate a significant reduction in levels of root and shoot cadmium contents and osmotic stress indicators. Additionally, the humic acid improves nutrient acquisition patterns by improving root architecture and mobilisation of nutrient around the rhizosphere, so it can be assumed that the application of CaONPs and FM rejuvenated the Cd-contaminated soil resulting in nutrient mobilisation and reduced Cd uptake. 2. But how do liquids become acidic or basic? Loss due to a, Ana, a vat registered lessor of commercial spaces received P1,337,500 rentals during the year from various clients, net of the 5% creditable withholding tax on rental income. They were developed in 1881 by Thomas Laxton. In the legends 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L are root treatment doses of calcium oxide nanoparticles. Till the soil to remove weeds, large rocks, and clods and amend the soil with a couple of inches of compost worked in. (C) Y1H experiment showing that VrMYB90 could bind to the promoters of VrDFR and VrANS. The data in Fig 4A shows that total chlorophyll contents in the mung bean plants and the net photosynthetic rate was reduced upon imposition of cadmium stress. It would be interesting to see if you get different results than you did when you used water of varying pH levels to water plants growing in dirt. The growth of mung bean was evaluated . What amazes me the most is that all this can grow from one tiny seed with no additional nutrients other than those contained in the bean itself. Calcium deficiency leads to more susceptibility to the environmental stresses faced by the plants. Not only academic but creative forte is established through these activities. Data curation, Affiliation 0000009719 00000 n Garden lime (its chemical name is calcium carbonate) will help make soil alkaline. It is so much better than the ziploc bag on the window. A universal messenger, calcium is known to control metabolic functions, serve as a converter, control photosynthesis, and maintain healthy levels of vital nutrients. The recorded in our experiment seed germination ability for mung bean was 78.25. By creating an account you agree to the Hunker. You'll need almost a month from the time you plant the seeds until the time you draw final conclusions about the growth of the plants. The mixture was then given 4 mL of distilled and deionized water which was thoroughly mixed. %PDF-1.4 % 0000005656 00000 n Liquids get their pH level as a result of molecules that split apart to form positive and negative ions. Conceptualization, Due to the role of Ca in signalling pathways that regulate survival of plants under heavy metal stress, present research was designed to study its impact along with FM in mitigation of heavy metal stress on the mung bean plants which are sensitive to heavy metals such as Cd. Do write down how many drops of either pH Up or pH Down you need to add to each two liter bottle. The experimental space was equipped with two data loggers that were placed there to keep track of the temperature and humidity levels. They need some kind of growing medium, usually dirt. Does The Color of Light Affect Plant Growth? You can average the height of the three plants within each cup. here. Addition of 2% FM and 20 mg/L CaONPs in the soil proved the best treatment in improving the height by 27.4% and number of branches of mung bean plants by 61% compared to the plants under cadmium application receiving 0 mg/L CaONPs and without farmyard manure applicated soil. How to Care for Stone Lotus Flower Plant? Other names to consider might be: When you've finished with the experiment, you'll know whether bean plants prefer water that is acidic or basic. Home Primary Science Key Stage 1 Science Bean in a jar, April 30, 2012 By Emma Vanstone 13 Comments. The change in mass is validated in the tables below., The purpose of this lab was to determine which concentration of Miracle Gro was ideal for the germination of seeds. 4. I love this idea. Add pH Up or pH Down to the other bottles so that one bottle has a pH level of 1, one has a pH level of 3, one has a pH level of 5, one has a pH level of 7, one has a pH level of 9, one has a pH level of 11, one has a pH level of 13. Mung requires less water and is cultivated in arid zones worldwide. In each treatment, 20 g . endstream endobj 994 0 obj<>/Outlines 49 0 R/Metadata 98 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/Pages 97 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/OCProperties<>/StructTreeRoot 100 0 R/Type/Catalog/LastModified(D:20060510121803)/PageLabels 95 0 R>> endobj 995 0 obj<>/PageElement<>>>/Name(HeaderFooter)/Type/OCG>> endobj 996 0 obj<>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Properties<>/ExtGState<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 997 0 obj<> endobj 998 0 obj<> endobj 999 0 obj<> endobj 1000 0 obj[/ICCBased 1022 0 R] endobj 1001 0 obj[/Indexed 1000 0 R 144 1033 0 R] endobj 1002 0 obj[/Indexed 1000 0 R 252 1035 0 R] endobj 1003 0 obj[/Indexed 1000 0 R 255 1023 0 R] endobj 1004 0 obj<> endobj 1005 0 obj<> endobj 1006 0 obj<> endobj 1007 0 obj<> endobj 1008 0 obj<>stream We watered plant A everyday, watered plant B every other day, and plant C every 2 days. To 0.5 mL of phosphate buffer (pH 7.21), the resulting supernatant was added. 0000002924 00000 n The ascorbic acid is a key substrate for detoxification of ROS [34] and an important oxidant scavenger thus its accumulation under Cd stress leads to activation of the stress tolerance mechanism. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. FM application leads to better growth of plants since it stimulates the growth of beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere [32]. Water thoroughly. 0000004705 00000 n One drop of 10% alcoholic thiourea was added to the mixture. The growth of mung bean plants in terms of the number of branches and plant height was improved by the application of CaONPs and FM. The bean should start to grow roots after a few days, this is called germination. 0000009764 00000 n Making sure each cup gets the same amount of water, water the seeds in each cup so that the soil is moist, but not saturated. The seeds germinate in less than two weeks. However, its growth, development, and yield may be restricted or limited by insufficient or unbalanced nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization. Throughout the course of a nine week period, five lima bean seeds were watered with five different solutions to see which will most enhance the growth of plants. How to Grow Jamun Plant at Home? This helped me with my experiment because I had knowledge for what was going on with the plants and light. This might be due to accumulation of the heavy metal in the roots of mug bean plants. After grinding, centrifugation was carried out for 5 minutes at a speed of 12000 rpm. Total photosynthesis and chlorophyll contents of mung bean plants were improved by the FM and CaONPs application. 0000004667 00000 n 1038 0 obj<>stream These are air, sunlight, space to grow, water and nutrients. The improved yield traits are due to FM application which leads to better nutrient availability and acquisition culminating in a good yield. Yes BARI Mung-5 showed the lowest (GP) reduction (18.18% to control) while the highest reduction of GP (34.78%) was recorded in BARI Mung-2 at high level of salt stress (150 mM NaCl).At high salt. If there are more positive ions in the water, the water is more acidic. We suggest a set of products called pH Up and pH Down, a brand that's readily available in pet supply stores. However, the author recommends further exploration under field conditions and in terms of other food crops to further validate the results. With each rinse cycle, look for spouting of the seeds. Department of Botany Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Then send your curated collection to your children, or put together your own custom lesson plan. In our results, we noted that supplementing the soil with FM and CaONPs leads to enhancement in the activity of catalase. here. R4Lie(My+-&3t}m(QSk%l The crop is highly enriched with nutrients and phytochemicals [1]. Warning - you are about to disable cookies. Sample hypothesis: The more salt added to the water, the fewer seeds will germinate. 365 Days Flowering Plants in India | Flowers That Bloom in all Seasons, 50 Examples of Monocot & Dicot Plants (With Images), Benefits of Electrolyte Water for the Plants, Top 10 Plants with Whorled Leaf Arrangement, How to Grow Shevanti Flower? The main detoxifying processes are Cd build-up and exclusion in particular plant sections. Thus, the availability of Ca to the Cd polluted soils reduces Cd acquisition. The application of FM further enhanced tolerance to Cd toxicity. Plant ten mug beans in each pot and allow them to germinate. Water seeds need water for germination to occur. If your plants don't need a full cup of water, measure up to the halfway mark of each cup and make a line. Additional seeds can be placed in the pots in case some of the seeds do not germinate; the additional plants can be removed later. My experimental question was what is the effect of blue light on the height of lentil beans?, Abstract: Light from the Sun is a full spectrum of different wavelengths of light. Following that, leaves were wiped for surface water and weighed for turgid weights. Just be sure to always give the seeds in each cup the same amount of water. Record the average heights in a table, as shown below. Each plant is affected differently by the changing wavelengths of light. Almost all of the production in the U.S. is used to produce bean sprouts. Another idea is to dissect a plant or try one of our other fun plant science experiments for kids. Cd has a higher rate of exchange with Calcium (Ca) due to similar charges and ionic radius. Examine the impact of insecticides on plant growth. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the highly toxic metals to living organisms. They can grow to 24 inches tall, and they produce clusters of slender, fuzzy pods that are 3 to 4 inches long, each having 10 to 15 seeds inside. Kids find out in this science fair project idea. Calcium (Ca) is a macronutrient involved in physiological wellbeing in plants. Bean seeds: lima beans, pinto beans, lentil beans, or mung beans work well* . After some days, we will see the beans sprouting. Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important edible bean in the human diet worldwide. This response was expected, as it is a common adaption for etiolation. If there are more negative ions in the water, the liquid is more basic. Fresh leaf tissues were homogenized by using an ice-cold mortar and pestle in 100 mM phosphate buffer with 2 mM EDTA. Methods/Materials My experiment was done in 2 groups, temperature and pH. One responsible for bean seeds in sunlight and the other for darkness. 0000101131 00000 n Mung Bean Production Costs, Available from http://www.rain.org/greennet/docs/exoticveggies/html/mungbeans.htm [Accessed on the 13th of February, 2012]., Alaskan peas have the shortest growing season of all pea types. Funding: The author(s) received no specific funding for this work. These Women's History Month activities for middle school will help your students learn how to celebrate Women's History Women's History Month Gender Wage Gap Mini-Project. And why did it grow faster that the one in the light? 0000004755 00000 n In this experiment, you'll control the pH of the water you'll use on bean plants by adding certain substances to make distilled water either acidic or basic. Mycorrhizal infection and plant growth were measured after 3 weeks. Soak the beans in water for some eight hours in a dark location. Mung bean performs best in fertile, well-drained sandy loam soil with a pH between 6.2 and 7.2 and will suffer in poorly-drained, heavy soils. Each Group of 25 beans was folded inside a damp paper towel. You should have 50 strips to make sure you have enough for the experiment. Application of CaONPs and FM proved better in alleviating cadmium toxicity faced by the mung bean plants. You keep coming up with really inspiring ideas. 3. Most of the materials you'll need though, are common household items. Audible sound ranging 1000-1500 Hz, 1500-2000 Hz, and 2000-2500 Hz and intensities [80 dB (A), 90 dB (A), 100 dB (A)] were used to stimulate mung bean for 72 hours. First, prepare a pot with soil and fertilizer and then place the bean seeds 4 to 5 inches apart from each other about 1 inch deep. I know it has something to do with light. Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain, Affiliation How to Grow Leafy Vegetables in Pots at Home? Mung bean Varieties Germination (%) Shoot height ( cm) Root length (cm) Fresh weight plant-1 (gm) Dry weight plant-1 (gm) Chlorophyll Contents (%) Normal soil Saline . However, the best part for students is to be able to get hands-on practice and interplay between the students and nature. This experiment shows the things that plants need in order to live. 7.8 ). The relative expression of VrDFR and VrANS in the indicated mung bean hairy roots. Retail cost is about $3.50 a bottle. The error bars signify the standard deviation of the four different groups., Stems grown under dim light showed significant growth compared to stems grown under full fluorescent light. You know that plants need certain things to help them grow. The dependent variable is the growth of the mug bean plants. Buying a bag of potting soil is recommended. Creating New Plants Through Cross-Pollination. The uptake of nutrients such as Si and Mg is essential to the accumulation of sugars and osmolytes which ultimately improve plant biomass. Mung bean seeds, 15-20 per tub. The amount of water given to the plants in each cup should be the same. Similarly, the seed pod production was higher in the single-plant treatment than the three-plant treatment (Figure 2), further supporting the hypothesis. The last week, For this project we had to experiment to see the effects of blue light on a plants growth. Furthermore, the application of organic supplements such as FM has been practiced since the emergence of agriculture and its efficacy to the agricultural soil has been reported by several researchers [11, 14]. Did any of the plants die? No, Is the Subject Area "Cadmium" applicable to this article? 0000005734 00000 n You also can purchase these supplies from your local pet supply store, hobby shop, or from online sources. We love this activity. You've probably heard of the pH scale, or heard someone talk about the pH factor of a particular material. Yes Yes The seeds of mung bean with the concentration of 5%, 7.5%, and 10% consecutively upon three treatments showed no germination processes until the end of the observation. The height of the plant had increased by three centimeter to five centimeters. Most of the liquids you encounter on a daily basis are just around neutral. Some plants like to be watered frequently, while others like to wait for a drink until the soil is completely dry. Prior to start of each treatment; the leaf fresh samples were weighed. Additionally, Ca acts as important signalling metal in cell cycle regulation events. Put the seeds wrapped in the towel in a transparent ziplock bag. This science fair project idea determines if the color of light affects the growth of plants. If you want to, you can use the name of this section, "Does the pH of Water Affect the Growth of Bean Plants?" Plant three bean seeds into each of the seven large, plastic cups that have been filled about three-quarters of the way with potting soil. We had to research on light and its effects on photosynthesis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282531.g002, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282531.t003. The data presented in the Fig 5 shows that yield of mung beans declines under cadmium stress. Last Updated on March 19, 2021 by Emma Vanstone. This is really easy: soak a small handful of mung beans in (preferably filtered) water for 24 hours. Increased cytosolic contents of Ca+2 is important for the biosynthesis of cell wall precursors. The hypothesis that mung beans watered using a coffee mixture will grow the fastest has been proven to be true. . There was a negative significant correlation between shoot and root cadmium contents with the height and number of branches of mung bean plants. You'll need: If you're going to order supplies from an online provider, be sure to do so ahead of time so you don't get stuck, unable to begin your project. Each group member exposed 25 mung bean seeds to varying salinity treatment groups: 0, 40, 80 and 120 mM/ L. The amount of seeds germinated were recorded each day. In response, plants have employed many adaptive methods to counteract and minimize the harmful effects of Cd. Allow the seeds to germinate for the first 5 days. 20 Fastest Growing Trees for your Garden in India, Classroom Project: 10 Easy Growing Beans For A Science Experiment, 10 Plants that give Oxygen at Night {24 Hour Oxygen}, Plants & Flowers that Attract Snakes to the Garden, Gulmohar Trees Complete Information | Uses of Gulmohar Trees, Top 10 Non-Green Plants & their Significance. We measured the biomass each week for four weeks of plants grown at different densities. We can take a transparent zip-lock bag. Use a cup or jar to hold your cotton balls, then add beans, water, and sunlight to make your beans sprout. Results showed that caffeine help mung beans grow faster with soil sprinkled with caffeine. This has been shown that salinity and light had the very significant effects to the germination process of mung bean. Fill the 3 pots with equal amounts of soil. The effect of caffeine on plant growth is still a subject under study. These experiments provide the student's opportunity to learn by understanding and seeing the results instead of cramming. PAL is an important enzyme involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway. You've probably seen tulips, daffodils, crocuses, lilies, hyacinths, and other bulbs blooming outside in the spring and Search our growing library of professionally created teacher resources. A t-test determined that the data of growth in petite plants were statistically significant (t-test p-value = 0.00452), so competition affected the plants growth. Calcium as a metal has prime significance due to its signalling role and the addition of FM to the soil has proven in modulating soil biological activities. The title of this experiment might sound a little scary, but it actually just means that you'll be testing what happens Do Bean Plants Grow Better in Soil or in Water? You also could put liquids other than water on plants to see how growth was affected. Half the seeds are placed in a sunny spot while the other containers are covered with cardboard, so no light reaches them. Mung beans are a warm-season (summer) crop. Overall, 2% FM and 20 mg/L CaONPs proved as the best treatment to reduce cadmium toxicity. Are earthworms and plant growth related? Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan, Roles Soil organic amendments are important to build soil structure, improve the nutrient profile and increase fertility in croplands. The mung bean noodle production process mainly includes cleaning, washing, grinding, fermentation, mixing, extrusion, boiling, cooling, and drying (Fig. It takes around 90 days for Pinto beans to grow. The used plastic pots had 7 x 6 length and breadth measurements. Science Sparks assume no liability with regard to injuries or damage to property that may occur as a result of using the information and carrying out the practical activities contained in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources. Net photosynthesis, stomata conductance and total chlorophyll contents improved and Cd toxicity was moderated. How Close to a Plant Must Pesticides Be in Order to Be Beneficial? You have successfully joined our subscriber list. The students can help participate in every step of the sprouting. Making educational experiences better for everyone. They are also known as green gram or moong, or maash is widely used in Southeast Asian households. AsAs contents were evaluated utilising the Mukharjee and Choudhari approach [21]. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth of mungbean genotypes. The levels of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and total tocopherol contents (Vitamin K) were improved significantly (LSD 3.491 and 1.808, respectively) in all instances by the root treatment CaONPs (Fig 4E and 4F). The easiest way to grow mung bean sprouts is to treat them like microgreens. Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) grown under heavy metals such as cadmium stress shows poor growth patterns and yield attributes which can be extenuated by the application of calcium and organic manure to the contaminated soil. Procedure: 1. Mung beans typically germinate within 2-5 days, but factors such as temperature, salinity level, pH of water, and more affect germination and growth rate (Overhiser 2019). Due to this resemblance, Cd is easily acquired by the roots of the mung bean plants and it results in chlorosis and stunted growth decreasing the yield and production. 0000006264 00000 n A bean that is best to grow for a science project is Snap Bush Green beans. However, coffee also contains other ingredients like potassium and phosphorous, which are known to enhance plant growth. Furthermore, we noted that levels of hydrogen peroxide were found to decline upon treatment with CaONPs and FM. The initials pH stand for percent hydronium ion. Studies have shown that inhibiting inflammation and regulating intestinal microflora imbalance is a significant factor in controlling the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). CaONPs at 20 mg/L and 2% FM increased number of pods per plant by 16.66%, seed count per pod by 42.85% and thousand seeds weights by 22%. Roots grow downwards to anchor the plant in the ground and find nutrients and shoots grow upwards to find light. The combined application of CaONPs and FM increased the antioxidant defence of mung bean plants as the treatments synergistically improved the functioning of these enzymes. Improved structure and porosity of the soil due to the addition of FM results in better uptake of water. Kidney, lima, and broad beans must be cooked before eating. of seed germination and tank to which the repli-cation was assigned. The crops are being imposed drastic decreasing impacts due to facing severe issues which are drastically reducing the yield and quality of the food [25]. In this study, 0.25 g of mung bean leaves were ground in 10 mL of a TCA solution with a 6 percent concentration. Add up the individual heights and divide by 10 to obtain the average height. It will also attract worms that feed on the grounded coffee and at the same time help to aerate the soil. 0000098180 00000 n Under heavy metal stress, it can modulate a wide range of essential biological functions, including growth, physiology, and metabolic activities. The reading was obtained using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu-1900 UV spectrophotometer) at 520 nm. Oi`4l)D6jH[A~#z#zg?phNyjl+]\d[m$dg_5p_l8 yNJ/YcA e O~[7f3EYz]V(bLE.uv_un]l~vnN `W , However, the data slightly supported that both wavelengths below 450 and wavelengths above 650 slightly increase raphanus sativus growth., The purpose of this project was to determine how much the amount of water effected plant growth., This experiment examines the rate of plant growth when watered with different solutions. The growth, yield, and crop performance in terms of physiological and biochemical attributes can be improved by the application of CaONPs and FM under the heavy metal stress. Due to its high mobility in polluted soils, Cd is highly toxic to the plants and environment [3]. Department of Science, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, Affiliation If you need to make more water at the different pH levels, you'll already know how much of the pH product to add, and the second round of water will have the exact same pH levels as the first round.