Im in a similar boat! I had another ultrasound & baby wouldnt totally uncross legs. A Group Leader is a What to Expect community member who has been selected by our staff to help maintain a positive, supportive tone within a group. It said boy..fast forward to yesterday I went in for my 20 week sonogram and the tech asked me if I knew what I was having..I told her boy & she said how accurate is the testing you did because it looks like a girl to me so Im kinda freaking out. It happened near 6th and Becher around 10:15 a.m. Police said the 15-year-old Milwaukee . Ive got a low lying placenta though so wondering if that means the cord is coming from a different place and confusing things? First one born, girl. My coworker just told me that last year she did the panorama NIPT and was told Boy but at 20 weeks, her ultrasound said girl and she ended up having a beautiful XX baby girl. Anyone else had a similar experience? Looks like a side pr. It is especially common in boys who are very tall or overweight. I think if they say boy, they can't be wrong but there's slight chance they can be with girl. The scan probably wasnt the highest quality so I would default to the NIPT and anatomy scan, You may have had an inexperienced ultrasound tech who confused the umbilical cord with a penis. Yes, I have 2 boys6 and 3 years old. Try not to stress. Press J to jump to the feed. I had been told girl and at my anatomy scan we discovered he was a boyand sure enough a little boy was born. I'd be quite sure. I had no idea because for some reason I don't think I ever had the NIPT with my 7 year old back in 2014, so this is new to me, they also did it early ( I am 12+3) because she was born with liver disease, Nipt looks at the actual chromosomes so its extremely accurate! Does anyone have pics of their 13 week ultrasound that shows a clear girl nub but got boy nipt results? There's a very small possibility that the baby is biologically male, but has female genetalia, but that's incredibly rare. Im so upset and in shock. That US does look like a girl.but the NIPT should be more accurate. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. On 3 September I had a private nipt and scan, and there wasn't any hiding the gender on the screen. The #1 app for tracking pregnancy and baby growth. Id wait until the 20 week anatomy scan to confirm gender. Ive heard if you have a boy in the last year or two the dna can still be detected in your blood. I've already got a boy and he's so loving! The first is simple. This Internet site provides information of a general nature and is designed for educational . Lol, was it potty or nub that made them think boy? It's common for male genitalia to be missed. But no, she's a girl!! 12 weeks is way too early, female genitalia is still outward at this point. Itd be interesting to hear what they have to say, Did you talk to the OB about it? The specialist says that their. Fast forward a few weeks later. 22/11/2022 18:50. Scan today confirmed 1 is a boy. This educational content is not medical or diagnostic advice. For more information, please see our To comment on this thread you need to create a Mumsnet account. Xx. i had two friends both told by ultrasound that they were having girls and then surprise they each gave birth to boys Trust the NIPT! We did an amnio, and the results confirmed a healthy boy with no issues! Do you know why your NIPT was incorrect? Anonymous: if you're worried, just wait to purchase baby clothes until it is confirmed. Autore dell'articolo: Articolo pubblicato: 16/06/2022 Categoria dell'articolo: nietzsche quotes in german with translation Commenti dell'articolo: elasticsearch date histogram sub aggregation elasticsearch date histogram sub aggregation It's less common for it to say girl and then be confirmed boy. . NIPT is correct. I had the NIPT done right at 10w 3d and it came back boy. Does anyone else had a similar experience? Did you see the NIPT results yourself? Has anyone had any inaccuracies with NIPT testing? A place for pregnant redditors, those who have been pregnant, those who wish to be in the future, and anyone who supports them. What should I believe. I need some words of encouragement/ personal experiences,/advice!!!!! My whole pregnancy I thought I was having a boy per my NIPT testing. I feel reassured now, I was mainly asking because I just recently read about a girl who's nipt said she was having a boy but a girl came out . The sonographer really thought it was boy parts and even got someone else to check who said it definitely was. Baby decided to come today. March 03, 2023 | by sarysar123. Looking forward to having another 1. Hi I got a NIPT test done at 12 weeks and everything came back normal & my doctor wrote down my gender and gave it to me in an envelope. My anatomy scan isn't until November 10. I had to go back in for a redraw that said girl. NIPT test said girl but 20 week ultrasound shows boy?!!! Has this happened to anyone else before? My friend was told girl at 20 weeks and again a few weeks later as she had regular scans then at 28 weeks was told it was definitely a boy, the evidence was clear. Itd be interesting to hear what they. Hey! Add message. d. djawho920. Im very surprised she even gave you a guess. My 20w anatomy scan said girl, she is so absolutely a girl no mistake. The thought is there wasn't enough Y chromosome DNA floating around when it called the boy a girl. There are two ways a girl can be mistaken for a boy in early ultrasound photos. A place for pregnant redditors, those who have been pregnant, those who wish to be in the future, and If you feel a message or content violates these standards and would like to request its removal please submit the following information and our moderating team will respond shortly. Maybe, in your case vanishing twin? The ultrasound tech or doctor sees an umbilical cord between the legs and mistakes it for male genitalia. We strive to provide you with a high quality community experience. Ultrasounds can be inaccurate but NIPT my friend dont lie just like hips dont lie! I havent spoken to my doctor about it yet. Hi there! To the PP, none of M21 can be used for twins. However, I moved to Georgia and . This is what I was told by my doctor and by the laboratory technician. NIPT and anatomy scan shows it's a girl, but additional ultrasound says it's a boy? Electing to raise a baby either gender neutral or gender aligned to the baby's sex is very different from stating "I just found out the gender of my baby". And you're welcome!! by Ellie0325. 12 weeks is early, I would go with the blood test that is 99% accurate. NIPT tests don't diagnose conditions. I thought the blood tests were pretty accurate so long as you got a good fetal %. s. SarahJacks. I got my NIPT done by Natera and 20 week anatomy ultrasound done at that same hospital. So it is 99.99% accurate which is way way WAY more accurate than the scan. How peculiar! They said its like 99% correct. They told me I was having a girl, and it was confirmed at my 20 weeks scan. - Page 2: I'm literally going crazy. My anatomy scan is next Tuesday so I will see what they see and if they say girl I will notify them that my Nipt came back as boy and have them take it from there. Have you ever had a male pregnancy? Although its not a real genetic thing - its random - my brother has it. Nipt got wrong gender? It will pick up that at least 1 is a boy but won't tell you what the other is.. None of us will find out the gender of . Hi! I want to believe it, but I just can't!! Had an ultrasound technician tell us with confidence it was a boy & got NIPT results back yesterday saying girl. I was 13+6 for reference. Note that once you confirm, this action cannot be undone. How peculiar! ; 2020; ; ; I got my NIPT done by Natera and 20 week anatomy ultrasound done at that same hospital. I have heard of other instances where the NIPT said boy but ultrasound showed girl so it's not that weird for that to happen I guess. Thats super early to make a gender determination from ultrasound! Were you able to see the actual results page from the company that processed your test? Yes, I have 2 boys6 and 3 years old. I talked to the lab tech that said, no that couldnt have been it that the test would not draw a random gender if it was done too early it would have stated there was not enough baby DNA to determine gender. Congratulations on your baby girl! Sneak peek relies on the absence or presence of male DNA, so if there's an error, it's much more likely to say it's a boy when it's actually not rather than a girl when it's actually a boy. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Here's mine. Thank you. I was seen by L&D at a decent hospital, but its not as great as my previous one. Im glad your second test matched your. That is 10000% the best girl nub I have ever seen. Of course I am no expert! Had my 20 week ultrasound and results show boy?!! I know it's a horrible situation but I have the hope of 1 of them being ok and I feel so grateful for that xxx. 20062023 BabyCenter, LLC, a Ziff Davis company. 16. He was identified as a girl until he was born. NIPT is about 99% accurate at predicting baby's sex. 11/07/2012 13:23 Subject: MaterniT21 Plus - Reliability of Gender results. I would believe the NIPT rather than the ultrasound as well. 10. gender blood test said boy but it's a girl. We are in the exact same boat. It's a boy! Yes! Symptmes de grossesse ne jamais ignorer, Moyens naturels pour dclencher l'accouchement. A place for pregnant redditors, those who have been pregnant, those who wish to be in the future, and anyone who supports them. Ok y'all!!!!! It said boy..fast forward to yesterday I went in for my 20 . The image totally Looks girl to me, judging by the angle, Did you talk to the OB about it? All rights reserved. . How can you tell that the baby is turned away? by Cass13579. To comment on this thread you need to create a Mumsnet account. They said its a boy (determined by an ultrasound). I am seriously thinking this baby is both genders or I had a vanishing twin. Had 20 week scan the other day and the ultrasonographer said she 'thought it loo and our Sometimes the Y chromosome can carry over apparently even years later at least that is what I have been told. We will be having a very small gender reveal dinner for just our parents on Sunday, and I was just curious how accurate your NIPT gender was? I was completely devastated at my 20 week ultrasound last week when they said girl! The MFM doctor and the genetic counselor said theyd never seen this before. Try not to worry that anything's wrong. IT'S A GIRL!! The views expressed in community are solely the opinions of participants, and do not reflect those of What to Expect. I called 'this is me' who I took the test through and she told me it's almost 98% accurate so there is risk things aren't correct and this is why they tell you to confirm with NHS at 20 weeks!! I've heard so many stories of ultrasound been wrong. Hi, I had an Iona test at 14 weeks the sonographer told me it was a boy and then sent my bloods off, results came back low risk and also that the baby was not a boy but a GIRL!! 23/11/2022 12:06. I left a message with my doctor but she hasnt called me back. Like, only 1:10,000 is wrong with something like gender. Also, during the anatomy scan they do take a lot of measurements and pictures, so if there was something wrong, your doctor would tell you! : r/BabyBumps. I scheduled another ultrasound this weekend just to see because Im too impatient to wait for 20 weeks lol I will keep you updated! IT'S A GIRL!! Friends have called him "cruel," "heartless" and "savage" for throwing the cupcakes in the garbage. Hello We just got our NIPT results, and they say we're having a boy. Sorry to hear about one of your little twins xxx, Yeah it's all processed through computers so I've heard. However, experts say that baby placement is actually down to a woman's body type, weight gain, fitness level and muscular . Mumsnet carries some affiliate marketing links, so if you buy something through our posts, we may get a small share of the sale (more details here). Lol. Hi, I had an Iona test at 14 weeks the sonographer told me it was a boy and then sent my bloods off, results came back low risk and also that the baby was not a boy but a GIRL!! Did it match up when you got the 20 week scan? I don't know what to think! The way the spine is aligned. So I did my NIPT at 12 weeks and it said the gender is BOY and I had my 20 weeks ultrasound yesterday and the technician couldn't find a penis !! I'm very sure that's where the Y chromosome is coming from! Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Yes! I'd wait until the scan at 20+ weeks as genitals should be clearly visible if baby is positioned corrected. Elyse1384 member. Did you end up having a boy or a girl? Sometimes there isn't enough of the baby's genetic material available in your blood if the test is performed too early (usually before . We tested at 10 weeks NIPT and the results came back girl. Both NIPT results said girls, both ultrasounds said girls. We respect everyones right to express their thoughts and opinions as long as they remain respectful of other community members, and meet What to Expects Terms of Use. Please whitelist our site to get all the best deals and offers from our partners. nipt said boy but it's a girl. It would make me nervous that they made a mistake with your sample. So it was more then one but one died. He still identifies as a male at 41, but thats not always the case for people with Kleinfelters. Im super confused and also hesitant to give birth at the second hospital if they are wrong. Now I really hope my baby is healthy. U. Jan 11, 2023 at 2:44 AM. Find advice, support and good company (and some stuff just for fun). Hi I got a NIPT test done at 12 weeks and everything came back normal & my doctor wrote down my gender and gave it to me in an envelope. 98% or so it'll be a girl. I've only ever seen ONE NIPT be wrong. Carrying a baby high is often reported to be a sign of having a girl. I think I had a very rare situation. Group Leaders communicate with staff moderators and escalate potential violations for review, but they dont moderate discussions. Consult your care provider and get another ultrasound appointment. Privacy Policy. I'm happy, but at my 20 week ultrasound they didn't confirm the gender, just had another ultrasound at 34 weeks and they couldn't confirm gender because NIPT said GIRL, ultrasound says BOY! Low Fetal Fraction NIPT. nipt says boy ultrasound says girl. the most helpful and trustworthy pregnancy and parenting information. How can you tell that the baby is turned away? Looks like a side profile shot just like any other I've seen. I'm originally from California and I was receiving prenatal care from a highly regarded hospital there. So crazy the above poster can tell its turned away,I know nothing! Or did the results flip? Have you had a boy recently? Theres a margin of error with both NIPT and scans, so I'm not sure what to tell you. That was the only one but I kind of see what you mean because the spine you can see every detail of it in this pic and usually it just looks like a white line right? MILWAUKEE - A Milwaukee girl was arrested after a boy was shot on the city's south side Wednesday, March 1.. Came back inconclusive due to low fetal fraction.I got a redraw at 14 weeksjust got the results back, also inconclusive. Also, if you had a vanishing male twin, that could also explain the Y chromosome. The #1 app for tracking pregnancy and baby growth. Nipt was wrong for me with my first baby. Even my ultrasound tech told me to trust NIPT over ultrasound. Save. It is curved upwards towards the bottom of the baby. No more nub shots. 12 weeks is too early to tell the gender on an ultrasound, I second these comments that say that the technician could be wrong and to just wait til the 20 week scan. That k you! By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. I was worried about XXY syndrome. Also called cell-free DNA testing, the test analyzes a sample of the mom-to-be's blood to look at fragments of fetal DNA that are released from the placenta into Mom's . Platy3 the Iona test pulls the babies DNA from mine to test for downs etc then they test for chromosomes. 2006-2023 BabyCenter, LLC, a Ziff Davis company. The NIPT is nearly foolproof as far as sex goes, plus your anatomy scan results. The #1 app for tracking pregnancy and baby growth. Im sure hoping that is where the Y is coming from! Please select a reason for escalating this post to the WTE moderators: Connect with our community members by starting a discussion. Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is an optional blood test you can do in your first trimester (anytime after week 10) that looks for chromosomal abnormalities in baby, like Down syndrome, trisomy 18 and trisomy 13. Learn more about. 20 week scan is subjective to what the person sees so higher chance of error. I know this doesn't exclude a mix up but I think there seems to be evidence that NIPT-girl Scan - boy senario is more likely to happen - if it was visa . Now I am anxious for my anatomy scan next week! I feel like the fetal sex should be obvious now? and I'm just feeling like it's TOO good to be true! Your baby is slightly turned away in this shot, so that can throw off the angle of the nub. You're having a girl. I was so pleased!! If you didn't have an early ultrasound, there's a chance that there was a twin that disappeared early on. I am confident NIPT is correct. Im sorry OP. Wow that's amazing I guess you're a forced team green until baby is here and you can see !, Uh this is freaking me out a bit. Cookie Notice Today I had my 20 week scan and the sonographer (didn't know about my NIPT results) announced expecting a boy and showed the penis and testicles!!!! If you know what I mean. by Jupitermoon7. Probably still a boy. Group Owners uphold the core values of the brand by reporting content that violates the community guidelines. Asking here too since you're all a bit further along than I am, and are having 20week scans now. Female sex determination at the Ultrasound is somewhere around 80%, even at great clinics. nipt says boy ultrasound says girl. When the girl wouldn't leave him alone, the boy called her a "creepy b---h" and then took things . The test could've picked up on the Y chromosome from a previous pregnancy. I took the Harmony test at my Dr. office. I'm so confused! They said its a boy (determined by an ultrasound). The educational health content on What To Expect is reviewed by our medical review board and team of experts to be up-to-date and in line with the latest evidence-based medical information and accepted health guidelines, including the medically reviewed What to Expect books by Heidi Murkoff. X, Ive never heard of an ultrasound technician giving gender results at 12 weeks, Id trust your blood work. I honestly haven't seen any 13 week nubs this clear end up wrong. 1997-2023 BabyCenter, LLC, a Ziff Davis company. I got my NIPT test which said boy. But visually we seen it today! The NIPT or noninvasive prenatal testing is a blood test for mom-to-be and it can be done throughout pregnancy starting from as early as the 9th week of the pregnancy. Kinda wish it was not accurate as i truly thought it would be a girl this time. Thank you! I was able to see a maternal fetal medicine specialist and a genetic counselor at around 17 weeks they did a detailed ultrasound and found that the baby very clearly appeared to be a boy! I feel disappointed and worried if they messed up my blood work results. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. But, during our 12w ultrasound, the tech told us we were having a girl. Aug 13, 2017 at 9:19 AM. Meet other parents of April 2020 babies and share the joys and challenges as your children grow. Unless my baby's anatomy is all messed up and its both genders. Please specify a reason for deleting this reply from the community. January 2017. The #1 app for tracking pregnancy and baby growth. I have 2 boys 6 and 3 yrs! I thought they were 99% accurate. I I asked the doctor at my last appointment what did he think the gender was based on the pic and he said it was too early to tell (clearly he isnt aware of the nub theory or refuses to acknowledge it). Definitely looks like a girl doesn't look like a questionable ultrasound guess, but NIPT is supposed to be more accurate. 2005-2023Everyday Health, Inc., a Ziff Davis company. Yippee - now we will be even lol. Im originally from California and I was receiving prenatal care from a highly regarded hospital there. - BabyCenter Canada Group Leaders arent expected to spend any additional time in the community, and are not held to a set schedule. I am going crazy. Its a DNA test. And the scan o had at 14 weeks as part of the harmony test they also scanned and said boy!! I had the NIPT done right at 10w 3d and it came back boy. You are having more then 1 baby and didn't know. I did my NIPT at around 12 weeks, and it came back as a girl, with a high risk of monosomy X. Monosomy X is a chromosomal disorder that affects girls one of the X chromosomes is missing. That ultrasound pic sure looks like a girl to me. If NIPT, what company did your OB go through? That's lovely a boy. I honestly haven't seen any 13 week nubs this clear end up wrong. My husband said, "I'm pretty sure nothing has changed, so it's a girl." The sonographer responded, "Well, something has changed. The Non-Invasive Prenatal Test (NIPT) is used by the NHS to test for genetic conditions, but people can pay for it privately to discover a baby's sex. This happened to my friend, too. And it was the same as you, NIPT said boy, US showed girl. However, I moved to Georgia and had a minor accident there at 26 weeks. X. I have 2 boys 6 and 3 yrs! I am having twins and the NIPT accurately identified one boy and one girl! So I just got my NIPT results on Tuesday, although I had them hide the gender from me and tell my friend instead. Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) involves a simple blood screening that uses that DNA (it's called cell-free DNA, or cfDNA) to analyze baby's risk for a number of genetic disorders, including Down syndrome. Baby was born 100%, perfectly healthy girl. NIPT tests the chromosomes so it is accurate, ultrasounds make mistakes. .. of course I'll be happy if he's healthy but I've bought about 80 outfits all in pink!!! Such a wild ride! That was PJ i know . hi! We went to the 20-week ultrasound pretty confident we'd soon be buying pink clothes. Yeah I thought that too!! The DNA is examined for genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome. Im super confused and also hesitant to give birth at the second hospital if they are wrong. Uh this is freaking me out a bit. The specialist says that their dna would be gone by nowbut in a lot of the cases Ive seen when they get a Y and have a girlthere is an older brother! I would call your doctor and ask for an explanation of what they think is going on. Typically the machines they use for the anatomy scan are much better. Im terribly sorry this has happened to someone else. If they say it's a boy, the certainty is higher than if they say girl because they saw something there if you are really concerned that they mixed up your results earlier, I would recommend speaking with your doctor. My 20w anatomy scan said girl, she is so absolutely a girl no mistake. Your post will be hidden and deleted by moderators. Wait to talk to your doctor, but i would trust the NIPT. Id trust the NIPT and anatomy scan. Its not flat all the way at the bottom of the baby the whole way down. February 27, 2023 . New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Definitely go by the NIPT. I dont have experience, but personally Id rely more on the blood test than the ultrasound at 12 weeks. Save. What was your experience? the most helpful and trustworthy pregnancy and parenting information. I will try not to stress. Posted 19/1/16. I was seen by L&D at a decent hospital, but its not as great as my previous one. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. It confirmed that we were having a girl!!! NIPT sex determination is supposed to be around 99%. You should phone the dr that did the Iona to ask why that's happened xx, Could they have mixed up your results with someone else's? Recent posts in October 2020 Birth Club. I had to go . @ellie111227 From my POV, it is important that we as adults own our use of words by making the appropriate distinction. the most helpful and trustworthy pregnancy and parenting information. I'm originally from California and I was receiving prenatal care from a highly regarded hospital there. NIPT - Turner's syndrome CVS- Triple X syndrome. Posted by southmama45. My second pregnancy however it was accurate - said girl and Ive been told at multiple scans its a girl. 06/08/2020 20:38. I asked how the first draw could have said boy the doctor said it may have been drawn to early. think twice before sharing personal details, foster a friendly and supportive environment, remove fake accounts, spam and misinformation, delete posts that violate our community guidelines, reviewed by our medical review board and team of experts. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Id chalk it up to error. The only way the NIPT is wrong is if you received someone elses results. Anyway, the sex determination aspect of NIPT is generally considered as an added extra, so they won't retest for it. It's our third (and last) baby, we have 2 boys already so a girl is a dream come true. Breastfeeding: the trick to a comfy latch. Theres also a good possibility that the person who did the US in L&D was not a sonographer and wasnt as good at determining gender. I did the clinical . Do you have any boys? Mumsnet carries some affiliate marketing links, so if you buy something through our posts, we may get a small share of the sale (more details here). If they haven't picked up the Y chromosome then they will say girl. However, a different ultrasound tech at the same place that told me boy said she is pretty confident its a girl. Baby was born 100%, perfectly healthy girl. I have spoken to genetic counsellors and they tell me a lot of reasons why this happened. That's what they say but, I can tell you for me it wasn't. Freaking out.I had my first NIPT, Panorama, draw at 12 weeks pregnant. Oh no. 1997-2023 BabyCenter, LLC, a Ziff Davis company. They think it may have been confined to my placenta. I haven't had that experience, but at my ultrasound I was told that when they say they think it's a girl, it could be because they couldn't get a super clear view. The #1 app for tracking pregnancy and baby growth. So that is a possibility in your case, I honestly wouldn't worry too much about it unless your doctors are concerned. All my family thinks Im having a boy because of the NIPT test! The image totally Looks girl to me, judging by the angleits practically pointing downward. The other case must have been an early twin pregnancy that reduced to a singleton girl. The sonographer showed me the live potty shot, and said she absolutely thought that was a boy, and . Today I had my 20 week scan and the sonographer (didn't know about my NIPT results) announced . r/BabyBumps . He is pretty sure it's a girl.. A Group Owner is a member that has initiated the creation of a group to connect with other members to share their journey through the same pregnancy & baby stages. Thanks everyone. I thought the blood tests were prett. I had a harmony for twins and know 1 is a boy. / nipt says boy ultrasound says girl. Do you have other nub shots? NIPT is EXTREMELY accurate. But the tests themselves can produce false positives, especially for rarer conditions, which can cause unnecessary anxiety. Create an account or log in to participate. now I'm worried that she could be a HE. I saw that your first NIPT with your son was incorrect. ! I got some returning to do and quick baby naming Im glad your second test matched your ultrasound. I got my NIPT done by Natera and 20 week anatomy ultrasound done at that same hospital. Id trust your anatomy scan + NIPT, As an LD RN in Georgia (working over most of the metro Atlanta hospitals) some of the hospital dont have the best equipment for the smaller details of an ultrasound at the bedside. All rights reserved. My next gynecologist appointment will not be until 12th December.. Nipt, the dna test? I had the NIPT done right at 10w 3d and it came back boy. Both showed that it was a girl. All rights reserved. Im going thru the exact same thing! The test checks for the presence or absence of the Y-chromosome. Both showed that it was a girl. I believe that some of the NIPT providers always tell you the sex. I think it's because they didn't have enough of the baby's DNA. Second one, still cooking, but it's a girl. I just hope nothing is wrong with that side of things!!! Especially if you have two sons! Thats where Im struggling mine said boy twice:/ Congratulations on your girl!! What to Expect supports Group Black and its mission to increase greater diversity in media voices and media ownership.