And let Unferth wield this wondrous sword. Although she is smaller and weaker than her son and lacks his magical protection from weapons, she is determined to avenge his death and retrieve the gruesome trophy that hangs under Heorot's roof. The treasure is rusted, old, and decaying symbolizing? venom-twigs Some scholars suggest that Hrunting's edge was equipped with small, sharp points to which poison may have been applied; more likely, this is a reference to the use of acid (poison) in the shaping of the points during manufacture, a customary procedure of the time. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. Compare this welcome to the wary challenge from the Danish watchman. The mother apparently has swum with the body to an underwater hideout, some sort of waterless cavern or den whose entrance is through the mere. whom she killed on his couch, a clansman famous. A celebration ensues after Beowulf 's grand defeat of Grendel. Hrothgar contrasts Beowulf to Heremod, a king whose rise in the world brought little joy / to the Danish people. Despite Gods blessing, Heremod was a traitor of his people and suffered greatly; this is meant as a lesson to Beowulf that he should maintain his true values and not stray from them or he will suffer consequences like those of Heremod. When she falls upon and seizes a sleeping man, the noise wakes the others. As Beowulf tells Hrothgar, in a speech with central importance to his conception of the heroic code of honor, It is always better / to avenge dear ones than to indulge in mourning / . It is a dark and evil place. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? - On his shoulder lay. The Question and Answer section for Beowulf is a great TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. His fate hovered near, unknowable but certain" (Lines 2419-2421), ______ Battle Prediction: "That final day was the first time when Beowulf fought and fate denied him glory in battle" (Lines 2573-2575), Comes from a Greek word that means excessive pride or self-confidence in modern usage. Continue to start your free trial. Download the entire Beowulf study guide as a printable PDF! Wyrd is an important concept in ________ culture. Less grim, though, that terror. Loyalties and Abilities: The Function of Heroism in Beowulf, "Malignant by Nature," (137) Grendel as Man's Violent Impulse, Liuzza and Heaney's Beowulf: A Comparison, The Image of Women in Old English Literature. Beowulf prepares for battle and dives into the poisonous mere to finish the job he started. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. He, however, goes on to over advice regarding fame and power. Additionally, Beowulfs heroic exploits are constantly framed in terms of Gods role in them, as though Beowulf owes all of his abilities to providencean idea that hardly seems compatible with the earthly boasting and reputation-building with which he occupies himself throughout the poem. His words are a clear contrast to the stand held by the evil King Heremod of Denmark. and sea-snakes and monsters. Hrothgar is also the full appreciation for the works of Beowulf and, thereby, gives him more presents. August 25, 2016. Seek if thou dare! Devastated with grief over the loss of his friend and counselor, Hrothgar summons Beowulf and explains what has occurred. One of Hrothgar's trusting counselors. She grabs the hero, but he is protected by his armor and mail. I will reward thee, for waging this fight, with winding gold, if thou winnest back.". Course Hero's video study guide provides an in-depth summary and analysis of Lines 1251-1904 (Danger Returns) in the epic poem Beowulf. 20% that such a pair they have sometimes seen. . greedy and grim, that some guest from above. Beowulf tosses Hrunting away, and miraculously finds a ______ from the time when giants roamed the earth that only he could wield. These videos will go a long way in helping students create their own analyses with textual citations. Beowulf: Lines 2032 through 2459 Disc 4: 1. The place has a magical quality. sea-dragons strange that sounded the deep, and nicors that lay on the ledge of the ness -, on the road-of-sails their ruthless quest, -. The Danes leave, but the Geats await some sign from their hero. He exercises power over his people, but he may begin to take his position for granted. and save her life when the liegemen saw her. The success of Beowulf in attacking the mother of the dead monster gives rise to another feast. how an avenger survived the fiend, At the bloodstained lake, the search party finds Aeschere's head. Then, however, he spots a sword on the wall of Grendels mothers lair, a weapon from the age of the giants. Land-dwellers here {20b} and liegemen mine, who house by those parts, I have heard relate. Having Cain for an ancestor is obviously a liability from the perspective of a culture obsessed with family loyalty. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Later the poet will compare Beowulf to Christ again. stream She was doomed to dwell in the dreary waters. lines 1 300 lines 301 709 lines 710 1007 lines 1008 1250 lines 1251 1491 beowulf study guide and literary analysis Oct . ", closed o'er the hero. Our tutors provide high quality explanations & answers. A king who Beowulf is to be contrasted with. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. By being extra careful regarding the power, he can exert some control over his actions. A minstrel sings Beowulf's praises and tells the tale of Sigemund, the dragon-slayeralso a hero for the agesand an evil ruler named King Heremod. Hrothgar, Beowulf, and their thanes saddle up and ride away. Lines 2200-2509 . Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Unexpectedly, Grendel's dwelling is much like a hall aboveground showing that sometimes there isn't as great a difference between Heaven and Hell as one would expect. ________ to Beowulf: "Do not give way to pride. After watching these videos, students will better understand the themes of the text, the complex characters including their development, and the importance of word meaning and choice on the overall . Ed. What is a short summary of the epic poem Beowulf? Beowulf has rid the tarn of the treacherous creature, making it safe for people to travel in the future. Grendels relation to Cain has been mentioned at several points in the story and is revisited here. In the context of religion, the sins of the fathers are passed down from one generation to the next. She grabs one, Aeschere, Hrothgar's "dearest warrior" (1296) and chief adviser. The monsters of the poem all seek payment from life. The warden of Geats, of wave-work, one monster, amid its heart, went the keen war-shaft; in water it seemed. Unferth offers Beowulf his own sword, named Hrunting. Hrothgar promises more rewards and greater fame for Beowulf. In the villains lair, Beowulf tries to strike her with Hrunting but finds it useless; however, remembering his heroic reputation and legacy, Beowulf remains confident. English (selected) espaol; themes characters quotes and essay topics beowulf study guide beowulf introduction shmoop May 23 2022 web beowulf has captured the attention of scholars and Good has conquered evil and order has been restored. that once was willing each wish to please. Grendel's mother seeks _______, a human motivation. You have not yet encountered that place of great peril, where you can find that creature of sinseek it if you dare! 1. and watched on the water worm-like things. The monster panics and flees, still carrying her victim, Hrothgar'strusted adviser, Aeschere, in her grasp. Beowulf approached Grendel's mother's lair at the bottom of the mere, she attacked him. blazoned with jewels: the blade had melted. The citation above will include either 2 or 3 dates. - Grendel's mom attacks the mead hall taking Aeschere had passed in peace to the prince's mind. The actions of Unferth in giving Beowulf his sword to fight the mother of the slain monster also send across a strong message. As Grendels mother drags Beowulf to her court, various sea creatures attack him before he can wield his weapons. "Beowulf Study Guide." About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . waste of waves, where the wandering fiend. Discount, Discount Code 3 0 obj blood-stained the mere. that safe and sound they could see him again. as the giants had wrought it, ready and keen. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. The Scandinavian settings and characters thus would have been distant ancestral memories for the inhabitants of England, as the migrations from Scandinavia and Germany had taken place centuries earlier. Provide details on what you need help with along with a budget and time limit. $24.99 The idea of Wyrd becomes conflated with the notion of? on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% As he swims down to her cave, Grendel's mother spots him and pulls him into a great hall beneath the swamp. The blade of the sword starts melting as soon as it touches the poisonous blood of Grendel. In fact, the battle is won when the giant sword magically appears. - Danes win and loot corpses The world of the poem is harsh, dangerous, and unforgiving, and innumerable threatsforeign enemies, monsters, and natural perilsloom over every life. It is a dark and evil place. In Beowulf, there are tons of allusions to the Bible, e.g., Cain and the flood in Genesis, Descriptive phrase expressing a quality characteristic of the thing mentioned, Compound expression with a metaphorical meaning, A figure of speech in which a term of phrase applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance not using "like" or "as", A figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared using "like" or "as", The idea of fate (although more of a personal destiny). headlands sheer, and the haunts of the Nicors. Grandels mother has been irked by the death of her son and she, therefore, gets out to avenge. Hrothgar and his council pray to their pagan gods to save the guest hall. She has passed the day mourning for her dead son, and she comes to Heorot seeking vengeance for his death. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. One aspect of their difference from the humans portrayed in the poem is that Grendels strong parent figure is his mother rather than his fatherhis family structure that is out of keeping with the vigorously patriarchal society of the Danes and the Geats. Hrothgar continues to speak, musing on the ways that power can be abused by kings. - Beowulf kills Grendel Contact us Grendel's mother acts as a relative should, seeking revenge. The mail-shirt protects him even though various water-beasts thrust at him as the mother carries Beowulf to an underwater . The Danes and Geats are watching from above and see blood boiling inside the bog. The weapon is so imposing and heavy that only Beowulf can manage to remove it from the wall and wield it. If there are two dates, the date of publication and appearance Grendel's mother, who lives deep in the waters, is grief-stricken by her son's death, and seeks revenge. This allows Beowulf to deliver a final blow: a stab with a knife into the dragon's flank. He tears it from the wall and strikes, beheading Grendel's mother. This represents Beowulf's decline even in the prime of his lifefrom this point, the battles will get harder for him. through wave-whirl win: 'twas wound with chains. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% had sorrow of soul, and for Scyldings all. There are many biblical parables and references in Hrothgar's speech to Beowulf, again confirming that Christianity had made its way to the Danes and the Geats. Treasures are loaded onto Beowulfs ship, and when they say goodbye, the king becomes emotional because he feels he will never see the hero again. Subscribe now. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. The lake bubbles with Aeschere's blood. It is Grendel's mother, who is also dammed to spend eternity in the dark moors. Hrothgars speech refers to many biblical parables. assembly line The question of Grendels lineage is one of many examples of the Beowulf poets struggle to resolve the tension between his own Christian worldview and the obviously pagan origins of his narrative. He also wants the king to send his treasures to Hygelac in Geatland and show everyone back home how generous Hrothgar was to him. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. Now is help once more. What are some ways technology has affected American businesses and individuals? Beowulf is not as concerned with sportsmanship as he was in the battle with Grendel. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. The latter reformed, though, after marrying Offa, who would become a hero king. Word reaches Hygelac that the hero has returned, and he welcomes Beowulf warmly before asking him questions about the journey and the battles. As Beowulf rushes the dragon and strikes the board-guard, his sword _____ to pierce the scales of the dragon. The second is the date of By cultural norms, Grendel's mother has every right to seek revenge for her son's death. Then the warrior was ware of that wolf-of-the-deep. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Hygd, the Queen of Geatland, offers the throne to Beowulf, but he ______. Our tutors provide high quality . Free trial is available to new customers only. The reading of the Epic of Beowulf lines 1251-3182, is the story of a young brave Geat warrior, Beowulf, and is based on the intrinsic virtue and the high esteem people had placed on him. who waited with Hrothgar, watching the flood. He maintains that Beowulf is worthy to become king in his land. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. Thus, it brings to an end the great danger that has haunted Heorot Hall for years. Another danger lurks. The messenger also predicts the Swedes will avenge ________ slaughter. | The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of closely connected word, An indirect or passing reference. People summon Beowulf quickly to push him to come to their rescue and enable them to wage a fight against the mother of the monster. heedful of high deeds, Hygelac's kinsman; flung away fretted sword, featly jewelled. The poet describes Queen Hygd, a young thoughtful woman by contrasting her to Queen Modthryth, who was cruel and vicious. One of the most interesting aspects of Grendels mothers adherence to the same vengeance-demanding code as the warriors is that she is depicted as not wholly alien. Feb 8: Beowulf: lines 1925-2509. Copyright 2016. eNotes.com Unferth, unexpectedly, gives Beowulf his sword to assist him in fighting the mother of the beast. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. As the Danes sleep, Grendel's mother comes to Heorot. Beowulf Study Guide. Hrothgar's speech about ________ was a warning to Beowulf about the dangers of hubris. You'll also receive an email with the link. Wiglaf is a relative of Beowulf through the ________ Clan. Beowulf is repaid for his dead man with treasures; Hrothgar cannot understand how to pay a fitting wergild to Grendel for all his lost men. He was also attacked by sea-beasts. He, therefore, decides to pass wisdom to Beowulf to enable him to attain better living standards and interaction with other people. Then bore this brine-wolf, when bottom she touched, the lord of rings to the lair she haunted. Their den reportedly is hidden in a dark mere deep within "high wolf-country" (1357), a secret place amid wind-swept cliffs and "frost-bound trees" (1364). Meanwhile, Hrothgar and his men wait by the lake, assuming the hero has been killed. and joyed while I could in my jewel-bestower. The Danes are soon to find that their triumph is not yet complete. THEN sank they to sleep. 2023 . Beowulf study guide contains literature essays, a complete e-text, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Teapot Dome Hrothgar expresses his thanks and adopts Beowulf into his heart. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Beowulf. Feb 1: Beowulf: lines 1251-1924. Get on-demand Q&A homework help from verified tutors, Access over 20 million homework documents through the notebank, Read 1000s of rich book guides covering popular titles. Deep in the lake, the mother grasps him tightly with her claws so that he cannot draw his sword. Children born in the wronged families were keen on seeking revenge for the wrongs that were done to their parents. Beowulf is not in the hall because he . He also gives him fatherly advice on some of the actions that he might need to do as a ruler. Wed love to have you back! 1 0 obj . broad and brown-edged, {22b} the bairn to avenge, the sole-born son. More books than SparkNotes. Beowulf, having been given other sleeping quarters, is away from Heorot when Grendels mother makes her raid. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! He gets into the poisonous mere and begins swimming. A queen who is to be contrasted with Hygd, the queen of the Geats. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. When Beowulf and the other Geats arrive home, the harbor guard greets them in great friendship and welcomes them home. Beowulf, meanwhile, acts bravely, asking Hrothgar to take him to the moors, simply diving into the water instead of hanging around talking. Unferth loans him the great and seasoned sword Hrunting, which has never failed in any battle. . Questions are posted anonymously and can be made 100% private. A Beowulf Handbook, Ch. In other ways, however, Grendel and his mother are indeed portrayed as creatures from another world. Grendel's mother is seen as a "more _______" character than Grendel. He seems to be the balancing factor between the disparities in thought of his time. In terms of the dragon, the sins are never forgotten and this becomes literal. Hygelac's son, _______, assumes the throne with Beowulf as his closest advisor. XII:Lines:791-836: Beowulf's Victory XIII:Lines:837-924 The Bard's Praise XIV:Lines:925-990; The King Speaks XV:Lines:991-1049 The King's Gifts XVI:Lines:1050-1124: The Bard Sings Again XVII:Lines:1125-1191:Of Hengest and Finn XVIII:Lines:1192-1250: Gifts For Beowulf XIX:Lines:1251-1320: A Second Attack XX:Lines:1321-1382: And Second . Beowulf slays one beast with an arrow. 'Twas seen and told. Discount, Discount Code Although the mother is less powerful than Grendel, the battle will be on her turf, a strange environment. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! ______ corpse is burned in a pyre and his people lament his loss. Through the process, there is a possibility of making him a worthy leader. from your Reading List will also remove any Lines 1905-2199 . Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Uproar filled Heorot; the hand all had viewed. In fact, this place is very evil. In relation to Grendel and his mother, these trophies illustrate the theme of death and defeat. Wiglaf rebukes them for? After the feast, they go to sleep with a threat of? Accompanied by warriors, Hrothgar leads Beowulf to the mere that harbors the vengeful mother. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% The land thou knowst not. Find helpful summaries and analyses for every chapter in Anonymous Anglo-Saxon poet's Beowulf. 1. (D) ridiculous. the gold-friend of men. Beowulf was fatally wounded: the dragon's bite was ______. The dragon, also known as the _______, starts to burn the land of the Geats and even burns down Beowulf's throne-room. The idea of a hidden ancestry is obviously suspect and sinister in this society that places such a high prioritya sacredness, evenon publicizing and committing to memory ones lineage. "Beowulf - Lines 1,4732,038 Summary" eNotes Publishing With sorrow one bought, his rest of the evening, - as ofttime had happened. Beowulf's death was foreshadowed by ___________ funeral that opened the poem. 42 f.: yrs sceal on fenne gewunian,/na innan lande. Read more about Grendels family background. Both Beowulf and Shield Sheafson, bearers on the heroic code, lived glorious lives, and they were commemorated in ______. Now his reputation is permanently damaged because he lacks the courage to pursue the mother: "he lost fame for that" (1470). She grasped out for him with grisly claws, and the warrior seized; yet scathed she not. They had a feeling that the mother is much more experienced and strong. Before dawn, Beowulf and his men report to Hrothgar. for a group? Beowulf: Lines 2821 through 3182 Beowulf tries to attack Grendels mother with the sword that Unferth had given him. As he swims down to her cave, Grendel 's mother spots him and pulls him into a great hall beneath the swamp. Beowulf wants his sword given to Unferth, as he will take Hrunting with him to battle, even if he dies with it. (one code per order). sorrows in soul for that sharer of rings, this is hardest of heart-bales. In his pre-dawn meeting with the king, Beowulf is informed of a rumor that has, for years, suggested the existence of two ogres, one possibly in the shape of a woman. The _______ find the two bodies. for the gleaming blade that its glory fell. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Hrothgar speaks of the heroic acts of Beowulf by stating the important role that he has played in ensuring that he can protect people from the attacks of the monster. Beowulf is still angry, however, so he also beheads Grendel, who lies dead in the cave. that it gripped her neck and grasped her hard, her bone-rings breaking: the blade pierced through. You can view our. The advice is meant to prepare him to take up the role of leadership when the time is appropriate. for a group? Our tutors are highly qualified and vetted. in battle brave. They battle; Beowulf swings his sword, but it has no effect. You can view our. - Grendel attacks the mead hall The lake is so forbidding that a hart, chased by savage hounds, will die facing the dogs rather than seek safety by plunging into the water. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. Beowulf dives into the mere wearing his mail-shirt and carrying Hrunting in its scabbard. >> They, therefore, help to showcase the Christian identity of Hrothgar. Lines 2510-2891 . In his many years as king, Hrothgar has seen enough to confirm all of these insights. >> Gnom. Beowulf tells Wiglaf that he must look out for the people and build a large burial mound, which is to be called "____________" (Line 2807). Grendel's mother embodies the theme of revenge as she buries her grief in an assault on Heorot. With sorrow one bought. Old men together. Considering them fitting tribute for the difficult trials his kingdom has endured, Beowulf brings the magical sword's hilt and the head of the monstrous Grendel to King Hrothgar. She has a very clear motive for attacking the ________. Meanwhile, Hrothgar and his men wait by the . The blade of the giant's sword _____ as a result of contact with Grendel's blood leaving only the hilt (handle). Their total number is ____. 0l+2&%U8ZE6=6AW1eP/=ajxu ^M#3+\Tt5VXITTq2( Subscribe now. Beowulf throws Hrunting aside and assumes he will have to rely on his physical strength, as he did in the fight with Grendel. Long while of the day, Soon found the fiend who the flood-domain. In terms of the dragon, the sins are never forgotten and this becomes literal. Hrothgar updates him and tells him about the man that Grendel's mother killed. Wiglaf predicts that enemies will attack the _____. Lines 1251-1904 . "Not a pleasant place!" Beowulf's fearlessness and extreme courage had acted as a effective . Beowulf: Lines 1251 through 1650 Disc 3: 1. The scene below is horrifying: in the murky water, serpents and sea-dragons writhe and roil. IMPECCABLE ______ is the primary keeper of the heroic code, and his actions are the best illustrations that we have into what characteristics were most highly valued by those at the time of the story. says the poet in classic understatement (an example of litotes). Beowulf is the epic poem about the hero Beowulf's battle with Grendel and Grendel's mother. Many times the feuds would last for generations. 5 & 6. Brave warriors looked on waters roiling with blood, seething with gore. During the time, feuds were commonplace, and people were keen on seeking revenge on those who had either wronged them or appeared to wrong the people whom they loved the most. Complete Short Database Management Task (MORGAN). He offers the head to Hrothgar as a trophy representing their victory over Grendel and his mother. Beowulf gets back to Heorot Hall carrying the hilt of the sword as well as the head of Grendel. This sets the dragon on the path to revenge. Foremost he {21a} fared, a few at his side, till he found in a flash the forested hill. endstream XIX. You'll also receive an email with the link. After Beowulf defeated Grendel, the Danes celebrated the victory. What does Shield Sheafson's funeral the the beginning of the poem foreshadow at the end? The hand lies low. Her behavior is not only comprehensible but also justified. We are told that not even the wisest of humans knows what is at the bottom of the lake. Where the job is over, the blade of the sword melts on its own. He, therefore, warned Beowulf to be keener on the high level of power that he has adopted around him. The Danes and Geats both quake in fear at the sight of the creatures and Aeschere's head. They were also afraid that the mother was driven by anger to avenge the death of her son. Our only hope for help rests with you alone. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! He cuts off Grendel's head in a fury. publication in traditional print. It also includes generosity and hospitality, particularly for a king. Grendels lineage is therefore in many ways an unnatural one, demonic and accursed, since Cain brought murder, specifically murder of kin, into the world. Web. Lines 1251-1491. Himself, though, durst not. Red Scare. of the sons of men, to search those depths! He does battle with the devil (Grendel's mother). - Beowulf dies and Swedes attack Geats, - "Whoever does not love does not know God, because God is love." to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. First time, this. stream Before the fight with ______: "But the lord was weaving a victory on His war-loom for the Weather-Geats" (Lines 696-697), Pre-______ Battle: "He was sad at heart, unsettled yet ready, sensing his death. After Grendel's mother is killed, a bright light shines, and the waters are cleansed, symbolizing? Be guardian, thou, to this group of my thanes. Your matched tutor provides personalized help according to your question details. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. So insulting when full of mead at the earlier banquet, Unferth now is all humility. They don't realize that Grendel has a living mother intent on revenge. Where Beowulf dives into the bubbling mere is a representation of him entering hell. Beowulf tells Hrothgar that he would welcome his eldest son, Hrethric, to Geatland in the future. Hrothgar and his council pray to their pagan gods to save the guest hall. Because Grendel didn't play by the rules, we can assume Hrothgar and Beowulf didn't consider it fair for her to take revenge. Went then to greet him, and God they thanked. Lines 2892-3182 . Help in Understanding "Beowulf"? Bloody the blade: he was blithe of his deed. Heardred dies as a result of a feud with the ______. ___________, the Queen of the Danes, serves men by filling their cups with mead. resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss thenovel. (Matthew 5:39), - "It is always better to avenge dear ones than to indulge in mourning." Seized then its chain-hilt the Scyldings' chieftain. credit Before dawn, Beowulf and his men report to Hrothgar. Frequently before battles Beowulf says that _____ will choose the winner, acknowledge it is out of his control, and we know the outcome of every battle before they occur. Beowulf is once more challenged by the possibility of increased reward treasure and fame and is further motivated by his devotion to Hrothgar. for comfort and help: so he conquered the foe. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan!