It is best studied broken down into its components: regions, joints, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. Chapter 1. The brachialis originates on the humerus, and it inserts on the front of the ulna. The Cellular Level of Organization, Chapter 4. The genioglossus (genio = chin) originates on the mandible and allows the tongue to move downward and forward. The insertions of these muscles have fibers intertwined with connective tissue and the dermis of the skin. This muscle allows you to whistle, blow, and suck; and it contributes to the action of chewing. Registered Nurse, Free Care Plans, Free NCLEX Review, Nurse Salary, and much more. Read more. succeed. Check out the following quiz and the learn the muscles of the arm and shoulder. It also flexes the MP and wrist joints, although these are its secondary functions. Deltoid muscle:This muscle is named due to its Greek delta letter shape (triangular) appearance. It is also innervated by the median nerve. Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System, Chapter 12. This is the reason the muscle is well developed in boxers who protract their scapula in the terminal phases of their punches in order to maximize reach. Both these muscles are known as the punching muscles as they contribute to radial deviation of the wrist, which is essential for boxers. The hand (manual region) is the terminal end and focus of the upper limb. The short head arises from the coracoid process and both heads unite. The muscle arises mainly from the flexor retinaculum and tubercle of the trapezium and inserts onto the proximal phalanx or metacarpal of the thumb. The patient will present with tenderness within the anatomical snuffbox. origin: anterior sacrum It acts as an abductor of the shoulder, and inserts onto the superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus. However, it prevents the humeral head from slipping downwards. Take a look at the following two mnemonics! It is innervated by the median nerve, which passes between its two heads to enter the forearm. Use the following mnemonic to remember the origins of the biceps brachii muscle. It controls extension, lateral flexion, and rotation of the vertebral column, and maintains the lumbar curve. Biceps brachii muscle:This superficial muscle forms the bulk of the anterior compartment of the arm. The three muscles of the longissimus group are the longissimus capitis, associated with the head region; the longissimus cervicis, associated with the cervical region; and the longissimus thoracis, associated with the thoracic region. Sternocleidomastoid Muscle | Action, Origin, Insertion & Location, How to Perform a Visual Assessment in Massage Therapy. It is innervated by the median nerve a branch of the lateral and medial cord of the brachial plexus. These insert into the 2nd - 5th proximal phalanges. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. The shoulder is most unstable in extension and external rotation. The Lymphatic and Immune System, Chapter 26. Weve created muscle anatomy charts for every muscle containing region of the body: Each chart groups the muscles of that region into its component groups, making your revision a million times easier. The middle fibers retract (adduct). Reading time: 3 minutes. Explain the difference between axial and appendicular muscles. This is where the rotator cuff muscles become inflamed and impinged as they pass through the subacromial space. Finally, the scalene muscles work together to flex, laterally flex, and rotate the head. The muscle has dual innervation. The layman will refer to the entire upper limb as the arm. Register now The long head arises from the infraglenoid tubercle and consists of mainly type 2b fibers. The strap-like infrahyoid muscles generally depress the hyoid bone and control the position of the larynx. This muscle also modulates the movement of the deltoid like the other rotator cuff muscles. Bony Landmarks Types & Identification | What are Femur Landmarks? Reviewer: In addition, you might want to watch our anatomy and physiology lectures on YouTube, or check our anatomy and physiology notes. It consists mainly of type 2a fibers and provides power and endurance to elbow extension. These muscles can extend the head, laterally flex it, and rotate it (Figure 11.4.8). The pectoral girdle, or shoulder girdle, consists of the lateral ends of the clavicle and scapula, along . 1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body, 2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter, 2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles, 4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects, 5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System, 5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System, 6.6 Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue, 6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems, 7.6 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton, 8.5 Development of the Appendicular Skeleton, 10.3 Muscle Fiber Excitation, Contraction, and Relaxation, 10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension, 10.8 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue, 11.1 Describe the roles of agonists, antagonists and synergists, 11.2 Explain the organization of muscle fascicles and their role in generating force, 11.3 Explain the criteria used to name skeletal muscles, 11.4 Axial Muscles of the Head Neck and Back, 11.5 Axial muscles of the abdominal wall and thorax, 11.6 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs, 11.7 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs, 12.1 Structure and Function of the Nervous System, 13.4 Relationship of the PNS to the Spinal Cord of the CNS, 13.6 Testing the Spinal Nerves (Sensory and Motor Exams), 14.2 Blood Flow the meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid Production and Circulation, 16.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System, 16.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System, 17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus, 17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions, 17.11 Development and Aging of the Endocrine System, 19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity, 20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels, 20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance, 20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System, 20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation, 21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems, 21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response, 21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types, 21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies, 21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens, 21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses, 21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology, 22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, 22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions, 22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System, 23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation, 23.5 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder, 23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look, 25.1 Internal and External Anatomy of the Kidney, 25.2 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney: Anatomy of the Nephron, 25.3 Physiology of Urine Formation: Overview, 25.4 Physiology of Urine Formation: Glomerular Filtration, 25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion, 25.6 Physiology of Urine Formation: Medullary Concentration Gradient, 25.7 Physiology of Urine Formation: Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition, 27.3 Physiology of the Female Sexual System, 27.4 Physiology of the Male Sexual System, 28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth, 28.5 Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages. There are numerous muscles in this compartment as well. The good news? It has a long head and a short head. O: opponens pollicis. The head is balanced, moved and rotated by the neck muscles (Table 11.5). Like how the sartorious muscle is the only . The styloglossus originates on the styloid process of the temporal bone, and allows upward and backward motion. From the sides and the back of the neck, the splenius capitis inserts onto the head region, and the splenius cervicis extends onto the cervical region. action: extend the neck ; retract and adduct scapulae, posterior 52 Learners. Extensor digiti minimi muscle:This muscle arises from the anterior surface of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. 977 Cards -. The triceps brachii originates on the back of the scapula and humerus, and inserts on the back of the ulna in the forearm. It inserts into the 5th proximal phalanx (pinky finger). 2023 Curated learning paths created by our anatomy experts, 1000s of high quality anatomy illustrations and articles. In this anatomy muscle song, you can learn rhymes and mnemonics to help you remember the muscle name, location, and one of its functions/actions. Muscular contraction produces an action, or a movement of the appendage. Read more. It inserts onto the crest of greater tubercle of the humerus. It's important to note that the antagonist contraction is minor in comparison to the agonist contraction, and therefore it doesn't prevent the action of the agonist. Teres minor:This muscle arises from the lateral border of the scapula and inserts onto the greater tubercle of the humerus. The transversospinales include the semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidus, and rotatores. Memorizethe superficial forearm flexors usingthe followingmnemonic! Medial border: Insertion of 3 muscles Mnemonic: SLR - all supplied by nerves from ROOT of brachial plexus Anteriorly: Serratus anterior (Long thoracic nerve) Posteriorly: Superiorly: Levator scapulae (Dorsal scapular nerve) Inferiorly: Rhomboids - minor superior to major (Dorsal scapular nerve) SLR and SIT mnemonic for scapular muscle attachment b. 2009. Finally, a reliable source (and good looking too!). The palmar aponeurosis helps resist shearing forces applied to the palm, such as climbing and tool use. Pick a muscle and look up its origin, insertion, and action. It is innervated by the axillary nerve. It commonly follows a FOSH. Here's a mnemonic that summarizes the brachioradialis and helps you to remember it. This compartment is anterior in anatomical position. It arises from the lateral epicondylar ridge and inserts onto the radial styloid process. 1. The clavicular head arises from the medial two thirds of the inferior surface of the clavicle. An easy way to distinguish between the actions of the interossei is to use the following mnemonic. The distal phalanx therefore lies in permanent flexion, and has the appearance of a mallet. The muscles are named after their functions, with the flexor muscle lateral most, the abductor medial most, and the opponens muscle lying deep. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Identify the following muscles and give their origins, insertions, actions and innervations: The skeletal muscles are divided into axial (muscles of the trunk and head) and appendicular (muscles of the arms and legs) categories. The erector spinae group forms the majority of the muscle mass of the back and it is the primary extensor of the vertebral column. Depresses mandible when hyoid is fixed; elevates hyoid when mandible is fixed; Posterior belly; facial nerve Anterior belly mylohyoid nerve, Elevates and retracts hyoid; elongates floor of mouth, Elevates floor of mouth in initial stage of swallowing, Depresses mandible when hyoid; elevates and protracts hyoid when mandible is fixed, Depresses hyoid after it has been elevated, Depresses the hyoid during swallowing and speaking, Depresses hyoid; Elevates larynx when hyoid is fixed, Depresses larynx after it has been elevated in swallowing and vocalization, Temporal bone (mastoid process); occipital bone, Unilaterally tilts head up and to the opposite side; Bilaterally draws head forward and down, Occiput between the superior and inferior nuchal line, Extends and rotates the head to the opposite side, Posterior rami of middle cervical and thoracic nerves, Unilaterally and ipsilaterally flexes and rotates the head; Bilaterally extends head, Posterior margin of mastoid process and temporal bone, Extends and hyperextends head; flexes and rotates the head ipsilaterally, Dorsal rami of cervical and thoracic nerves (C6 to T4), Rotates and tilts head to the side; tilts head forward, Individually: rotates head to opposite side; bilaterally: flexion, Individually: laterally flexes and rotates head to same side; bilaterally: extension, Transverse and articular processes of cervical and thoracic vertebra, Rotates and tilts head to the side; tilts head backward, Spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebra. This is a bony deformity of the finger or toes associated with rheumatoid arthritis and trauma to the end of the extended finger. Origin: Inferior angle of scapula. Muscle memory is a form of procedural memory that involves consolidating a specific motor task into memory through repetition, which has been used synonymously with motor learning. The nerve supply to this muscle arises from the axillary nerve, a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. This system reflects the bones of the skeleton system, which are also arranged in this manner. Pectoralis major muscle :This is a superficial, large, fan shaped muscle that makes up the bulk of the pectoral (chest) region. Do Humans Have an Open or Closed Circulatory System? Hamstring Anatomy Mnemonics - Origin, Insertion, Innervation & Action No views Aug 11, 2022 0 Dislike Share Save Memorize Medical 125 subscribers Easy ways to learn and remember the. It can be observed when a patient circumducts (circle movement) the affected upper limb. Extensor indicis proprius muscle:This muscle arises from the posterior distal 3rd of the ulna and interosseous membrane and inserts onto the middle and distal phalanx of the index finger. The muscle forms the posterior axillary fold and rotates in order to insert onto the floor of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. For example, the brachialis is a synergist of the biceps brachii during forearm flexion.