It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. % In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. I love this article,very educating and interesting You can download the paper by clicking the button above. In Nigerias case, the tongues and tribes that made up Nigeria has one colonial history. There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. Reasons for a state to adopt a federal system include the need to reflect linguistic, economic and cultural differences of a population, especially one that is concentrated geographically. << This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ 2. Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Best information base for latest information both national and international. Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. 2023, Bscholarly LLC. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . Granted is the fact that federalism was launched in Nigeria by expatriate leaders, its continued existence since independence is standing firm on the interest of the indegeneous leaders. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. 6 0 obj Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. 3 0 obj The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. Payment Details. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. Asst. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. |4-Iv But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. It argues that although deficient in popular sovereignty, the Constitutions legitimacy is moot since it is the operative law that governs the country. Is there high propensity or likelihood of exclusion, marginalization and relative deprivation, which was to engender obsessive mutual antagonism? So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. After nearly three decades of cumulative military rule, the country returned to civilian governance in 1999 under a presidential system of government. Rt. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. Your email address will not be published. Federalism did not return to Nigeria until after his death. /Subtype /Image The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. Your email address will not be published. For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. >> sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. %PDF-1.5 This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. . The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. This is because most of the power (financial and. It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . 2013 PP.100-107, This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of imbalance political structures that were established before and after independence. Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of . It will schock you to know Nigerias adoption of federalism was also in the interest of the leaders. ! There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. Over the years, it is quite obvious that Nigeria is one of the few countries that adopted federal system of Government in Africa, a system that envisages autonomy for every sect of its authorities (federal, state and local government respectively).
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